hatch



(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet -1.

S. D. HATCH.

OONSTRUGTION AND DECORATION OSBUILDINGS. No. 376,380. Patented Jan. 10,1888 N. PETEHS. Pholu-Lilhugrapher. Wahi n nnnnnn C.

(No Model.)

' 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. S. D HATCH.

GONSTRUGTION AND DECORATION 0P BUILDINGS. No. 376,380.

Patented Jan. 10, 1888..

N. PETERS. Phnlolilho nphcr, Wahlnglum 0.6.

UNITED l STATES l i l i PATENT lOFFice.

STEPHEN D. HATCH, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CONSTRUCTION AND DECORATION OF BUILDINGS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 37 6,380, dated January10, 1888.

Application liled June 6, 1887. Serial No, 210,359.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, STEPHEN D. HATCH, of the city of New York, in thecounty and State of New York, have invcnt da certain new and usefulImprovement in theGoiistr'uctiou and Decoratiou'of Buildings, of whichtire following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference beingbad to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specilical-ion,and in whichi Figure I is a detail view of section of ceiling lookingup, showing thesyslem of I-beams that support the spider arches withtheir interradiate bars connecting in the center or resette bracket.Fig. II is a vertical section, taken on line II II, Fig. I, showing thebars of the spider-arch and the eenterbrackets that connect them, asalso the marble or other material that constitutes the combined floorand ceiling with the system of I-bcams and anglebrackets that attach andsupport said arches. Fig. III is a vertical section of partition,showing a column and partition-l'rame with the panels of marble or othermaterial in section;

and Fig. IV is a view of the partition in elevation, showing the devicefor utilizing both sides ofthe marble or other material ii panels.

My invention relates to iil'iprb vements in utilizing both sides ofmarble ll ors, panels, &c., or any other embellishing n, terial, withother constructive and dccoratiwe.devices in buildings, in combinationwilh combined ceilings and floors and single-wall partitions that haveno intervening spaces which provide flue-drafts that in case of accidentincrease the danger of lire, and also form highways for vermin, anduselessl occupy room to the reduction ofthe capacity of the building;and the invention consistsin features of novelty, hereinafter fullydescribed, and pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, in which similar figures of referenceindicate like parts in all the views, 1 represents marble or otherslabs, &c., used, as seen in Figs. I and II, as a combined floor andceiling, and 2 are panclings of like material shown in Fig. III insection in connection with the partition, and in Fig. IV as panels in apartition between adjoining halls and offices, the same feature in myiuvention being thus shown i'i'r'ail' e figuresviz., utilizing bothsides of the naterial for I ll (No model.)

use and embellishment in the construction and decoration of buildings,and with greatest economy of space and material.

It will be seen that in all the figures two surfaces of the marble, 8m,are exposed to view, making a twice-told use, especially of the mostvaluable and expensive material that is used in the construction of theceilings, l'loorings, and partitions of buildings.

3 represents the main Ibcanis,which may rest on the walls or pillars ofthe story immediately beneath the combined ceiling and floor. The saidbeams are provided with anglebrackets 4, that are riveted, cast, orotherwise secured to them. These angle-brackets support the transverseI-beams 5, which, with the channel tie bars 6 and the I tie-bars 7,support the spider-arches, whose interradiate bars 8 are connected andunitedly held in and by the center or rosette bracket, 9,which has arecess at top, 15, which is filled with cement to make a smooth bed toseat the marble slab, &c. The bars of said arches are secured to thetic-bars 6 and 7 by angle-brackets 10.

The tie-bars 5 and 6 form bearings for the joists 11, that support thefloor. The top of said joists are just flush with the top of thespider-arches, so that the marble or other slabs, 850., that form thefloor, fit snugly not only on the joists, but also on the arms andcenter-pieces of the arches. Not only does marble or other material inthe one layer form both floor and ceiling, thus utilizing both sides ofexpensive material in the embellishment of the building and producing adouble effect at one expense, but also a more beautiful effect isproduced by the paneling of the polished marble, &c., by theinterradiate bars of the spider-arch that enframe it; also, as shown inFigs. III and IV, when the same idea is carried out in the filling ofpanels in partitions, single slabs of marble or other highly-decorativematerial is made to do double duty, embellishing both sides of apartition and ornamenting alike adjoininghalls and offices or rooms byutilizing both surfaces of the slab or material.

Although marble has been especially mentioned as appropriate to be usedin my invention, I do not confine myself to that material, but may usestained or figured glass, fancy woods, or other suitable hi ghly-decorative material, 3 i.'-. partition-paneling. Vhen stainedorrichly-figured glass is used, or other transparent or semi-transparentsubstances, the light permeating through itis made to produce an etiectin the combined floors and ceilings, as well as in partitionpanels, inadvance of anything heretofore known in the past or present state of theart.

The spider-arches and their supporting I- beams and columns 12 arepreferably of iron, but may be of steel or bronze, and when the combinedfloor and ceiling is of marble, glass, or other incombustible materialthe flooringjoists, not being required to hold nails, may be of ironalso; but when the tloor is of wood, the joists will be of wood also toreceive the nails.

The stiles 13 and rails ll of the partitionl'rames mayeither be of metalor wood. \Vhen the former and the panels and combined ceilings andfloors are of marble, glass, or other incornbustible material, thedevice is especially adapted for fire-proofbnildings, forit is entire yclear of material to feed combustion. Another important and usefulfeature that it embraces and that especially adapts it for use infire-proof buildings is the avoidance of all flue-like iuterspaeesbetween partition-casings and between floors, so that those greathighways for the spread of fire in buildings are entirely avoided, andthere being no passage for the eueroachn'ients of fire, so also is thegreat highway for the passage of vermin avoided, a free highway undercovert that they have enjoyed in most systems of architecture from timeimmemorial.

'lo recapitulate brietly, some of the ad vantages of my invention are:first, utilizing both sides of the material, both as to use andornament, thus producing a double effect with one cost; second, theavoidance of all flue-like inclosures, which. especially in partitions,as well as between floors, are a disastrous means for the spreading offires; third, the avoidance of all harbor for rats, mice, or othervermin; fourth, the saving of space both in partitioi e a tween floors,an item of considerable importance in buildings of costly eonstructiou,in which a large percentage of the capacity of the building is worsethan thrown away; tifth, the means thus afforded when glass is thematerial used of skylightiug from iloor to floor, especially between theupper stories of the building; sixth, when colored and figured glass isused the luminous effect to the ceilings and panels of partitions thatthe rays of light passing through it produces, adding largely to theembellishing effect produced; seventh, that my invention, when desired,can be entirely constructed of incombustible material, especiallyadapting it for use in fire-proof buildings; eighth, the avoidance ofall inclosures of dead air.

I have described the combined floors and ceilings as being supported onspider-arches, and their I and T beam-bearers in conjunction with thejoists they carry, which is my preferabledevice; but I do not confinemyself to those means of support, for it is evident that flat-arched,straight joists, or other means of supporting the combined ceiling andfloors may be used without departing from the essential features of myinvention, some of the important features of which are the utilizingboth surfaces of marble or other material both for use and theembellishment and decorations of buildings, both as regards the combinedfloor and ceilings and the panels and windows of partitions, and theavoidance of all hollow partitions and iuterspaces between floors andceilings that makeilue-Iike passages for the spread of tire in buildingsand a highway for rats, mice, and other vermin.

In my description of the partitions I have described the frames asfilled with panels; but when preferred, the upper squares (shownunshaded in Fig. IV and of lighter material in Fig. Ill) may be tilledwith glass and form windows 16.

I claim as my inveution 1. In combination with the I'beams and suitablesupports, interradiate arms having center brackets and a combined floorand ceiling of suitable material supported thereon, substantially as setforth.

2. In the construction and decoration of buildings, the combination ofthe I-beams 3, having brackets 4, I beams 5, resting on the saidbrackets, tie-beams (i and 7 crosswise of the I beams 5, center bracket,9, having an aunular groove, 15, to receive cement, arms 8, radiatingfromsaid center bracket, 9, and resting on the beams 5, 6, and 7, andslabs 1, of marble or other suitable tlooring material socured in placeby the cement in the grooved bracket 9, substantialty as set forth.

3. in the construction and decoration of buildings, the combination ofthe iuterradiate arms 8 of the spider-arches that connect in the centerbracket, 9, said arches supported on the brackets i of the Ibeams 3, theI beam 5, and the tie-beams (3 and 7, and themselves supporting acombined floor and ceiling that is arranged to utilize both surfaces ofthe material in the embellishment and decoration of buildings,substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

STEPHEN D. HATCH.

in presence of- W. H. Bu'r'rnmvon'rn, \VILLIAM HENRY WILLIs.

